Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information. But for all his military prowess and success as a conqueror, John Grainger argues that he was one of history's great failures. Birth. And yet the faithless king fell in love with a young woman, Cleopatra. The Diadochi (/daɪˈædəkaɪ/;[1] plural of Latin Diadochus, from Greek: Διάδοχοι, Diádokhoi "successors") were the rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BCE. Finally, Alexander opted to listen to his mother and summon … Throughout his campaign against the Persians, Alexander the Great remained aware of the many troubles plaguing his homeland of Macedon. Antigonus was charged with the task of rooting out Perdiccas's former supporter, Eumenes. Learn more about the mythic conflict between the Argives and the Trojans. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Ancient History, Greece. Battle of Issus (333 BC) After the defeat of the Persians at … In the east, Perdiccas largely left Alexander's arrangements intact – Taxiles and Porus governed over their kingdoms in India; Alexander's father-in-law Oxyartes governed Gandara; Sibyrtius governed Arachosia and Gedrosia; Stasanor governed Aria and Drangiana; Philip governed Bactria and Sogdia; Phrataphernes governed Parthia and Hyrcania; Peucestas governed Persis; Tlepolemus had charge over Carmania; Atropates governed northern Media; Archon got Babylonia; and Arcesilaus governed northern Mesopotamia. FEN Learning is part of Sandbox Networks, a digital learning company that operates education services and products for the 21st century. In the formal "court" titulature of the Hellenistic empires ruled by dynasties we know as Diadochs, the title was not customary for the Monarch, but has actually been proven to be the lowest in a system of official rank titles, known as Aulic titulature, conferred – ex officio or nominatim – to actual courtiers and as an honorary rank (for protocol) to various military and civilian officials. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. All these armies constituted a fatal drain on the population of Macedon. Not enough evidence survives to prove it conclusively, but enough survives to win acceptance for Droysen as the founding father of Hellenistic history. Alexander earned the epithet "the Great" due to his unparalleled success as a military commander. (3) Satrap at Partition of Babylon, Political rivals in the aftermath of Alexander the Great's death, Learn how and when to remove this template message, fought over and carved up Alexander's empire, "Dating Methods During the Early Hellenistic Period", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diadochi&oldid=992304578, Wars involving Macedonia (ancient kingdom), 4th century BC in Macedonia (ancient kingdom), 3rd century BC in Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 16:11. Alexander's death that year, however, prevented the order from being carried out. Meleager and the infantry supported the candidacy of Alexander's half-brother, Arrhidaeus, while Perdiccas, the leading cavalry commander, supported waiting until the birth of Alexander's unborn child by Roxana. As there had been no definite ranks or positions of Hetairoi, there were no ranks of Diadochi. Together, the three men formed the top ruling group of the empire. These were their initial positions as Diadochi. The upcoming fourth edition of this game has an updated board layout, charts, cards, and a revised rulebook that fixes issues with previous editions. In Epirus he joined forces with Olympias, Alexander's mother, and together they invaded Macedon again. It was founded by Seleucus I Nicator following the dissolution of Alexander the Great’s empire. These wars that happened after the death of Alexander for the control and rule of his empire are known as War of the Successors. Chicago: Ares Publishers Inc., 1980. “The Death of Alexander the Great.” n.d. http://www.livius.org/aj-al/alexander/alexander_t28.html (accessed Oct. 12… After a period of short-lived attempts by Demetrius I, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Lysimachus, and others to hold Macedon, Antigonus II established himself as king. It included parts of the present day Balkans, Anatolia, the Levant, Egypt, Babylonia, and most of the former Achaemenid Empire, except for some lands the Achaemenids formerly held in Central Asia. A civil war soon broke out in Macedon and Greece between Polyperchon and Cassander, with the latter supported by Antigonus and Ptolemy. Antigonus remained in charge of Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia, to which was added Lycaonia. The institution of the companion cavalry or "Hetaĩroi" (Ancient Greek: ἑταῖροι) gave the ancient Macedonian army a flexible capability in this regard. Passing over his own son, Cassander, Antipater had declared Polyperchon his successor as Regent. Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. The term Diadochi as an adjective is being extended beyond its original use, such as "Diadochi Chronicle," which is nowhere identified as such, or Diadochi kingdoms, "the kingdoms that emerged," even past the Age of the Epigoni. At the height of its power, the Seleucid Empire encompassed centra… Antigonus was killed, but his son Demetrius took a large part of Macedonia and continued his father's dynasty. Alexander entrusted Antipater with ruling Macedon in his long absence and he defeated the Spartans in 331 BC. In 323 BCE, Craterus was ordered by Alexander to march his veterans back to Macedon and assume Antipater's position while Antipater was to march to Persia with fresh troops. T/F. Infoplease is part of the FEN Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. There was a source of disaffection, however. Alexander was at the wedding banquet when Attalus, Cleopatra's uncle, made a remark that seemed inappropriate to him. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Alexander Succeeds His Father to the Throne In 336 B.C. Soon after, though, the tide turned, and Cassander was victorious, capturing and killing Olympias, and attaining control of Macedon, the boy king, and his mother. In ancient Greek, diadochos[2] is a noun (substantive or adjective) formed from the verb, diadechesthai, "succeed to,"[3] a compound of dia- and dechesthai, "receive. After Antipater’s death in 319, Cassander refused to acknowledge the new regent, Polyperchon. The game is for two to five players, ages 14+, plays in … His young widow Roxana was pregnant with an unborn child, who would, if a male, become his heir, but he would not be able to take on Alexander… The Diadochi: The History of Alexander the Great's Successors and the Wars that Divided His Empire chronicles how Alexander's legendary conquests shaped the next several centuries, and how the successor generals carved out various empires. a. Roman Republic . Almost immediately, however, there was struggle for the hold over Greece and even over Macedon itself. Following Ptolemy’s successes in the Wars of the Diadochi, Seleucus, then a senior officer in the Macedonian Royal Army, received Babylonia. The Unitarians, like Perdiccas himself, Antigonus and his son Demetrius, tried to preserve … Infoplease knows the value of having sources you can trust. Although the regent Antipater was able to suppress a rebellion staged by Agis II of Sparta, he was unable to prevent Alexander’s mother, Olympias, from constantly complaining to his son about the regent’s supposed abuse of power. There were no fixed ranks of Hetairoi except as the term meant a special unit of cavalry. We've got you covered with our map collection. Perdiccas' marriage to Alexander's sister Cleopatra led Antipater, Craterus, Antigonus, and Ptolemy to join together in rebellion. Droysen, "the modern inventor of Hellenistic history,"[10] not only defined "Hellenistic period" (hellenistische ... Zeit),[11] but in a further study of the "successors of Alexander" (nachfolger Alexanders) dated 1836, after Grote had begun work on his history, but ten years before publication of the first volume, divided it into two periods, "the age of the Diadochi," or "Diadochi Period" (die Zeit der Diodochen or Diadochenzeit), which ran from the death of Alexander to the end of the "Diadochi Wars" (Diadochenkämpfe, his term), about 278 BCE, and the "Epigoni Period" (Epigonenzeit), which ran to about 220 BCE. A compromise was arranged – Arrhidaeus (as Philip III) should become King, and should rule jointly with Roxana's child, assuming that it was a boy (as it was, becoming Alexander IV). "[10] If Grote was hoping to minimize Droysen by not giving him credit, he was mistaken, as Droysen's gradually became the majority model. Without a chosen successor, there was almost immediately a dispute among Alexander's generals as to who his successor should be. [12] He also called the Diadochi Period "the Diadochi War Period" (Zeit der Diadochenkämpfe). The problem here was that none of Alexander’s successors was actually related to Alexander. [17] The 2010 symposium, entitled "The Time of the Diadochi (323-281 BCE)," held at the University of A Coruña, Spain, represents the current concepts and investigations. One of the challenges that Alexander’s successors faced was to legitimize themselves as the heirs of Alexander in the eyes of the local populations. The Successors. When Craterus arrived at Cilicia in 323 BCE, news reached him of Alexander's death. Craterus and Antipater defeated the rebellion in 322 BCE. Some 40 years of internecine conflict followed his death, as leading generals and members of Alexander’s family vied to control different parts of the vast empire he had built. Infoplease is a reference and learning site, combining the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas and several almanacs loaded with facts. Ptolemy received Egypt; Laomedon received Syria and Phoenicia; Philotas took Cilicia; Peithon took Media; Antigonus received Phrygia, Lycia and Pamphylia; Asander received Caria; Menander received Lydia; Lysimachus received Thrace; Leonnatus received Hellespontine Phrygia; and Neoptolemus had Armenia[citation needed]. He had acquired his expertise fighting for Thebes and Greek freedom under his patron, Epaminondas. Antigonus I Monophthalmus and his son Demetrius I of Macedon were pitted against the coalition of three other companions of Alexander: Cassander, ruler of Macedon; Lysimachus, ruler of Thrace; and Seleucus I Nicator, ruler of Babylonia and Persia. Generals gathered at Babylon confirmed Craterus as Guardian of the royal household could return to Macedonia a digital Learning that. Alexander used every opportunity to further his father Philip was planning a military solution the! Entire empire, and Meleager his lieutenant he continued under Alexander during his of! 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